VALIDATION OF GINZBERG’S THEORY OF CAREER DEVELOPMENT AMONG UNIVERSITY UNDERGRADUATES IN NIGERIA

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Man who is mortally created is subject to many afflictions that can easily bring him down to the grave.  In order to create comfort and to enhance his surviving chances, man has to work hard in order to at least meet up with his basic needs like food, shelter and clothing.
What is work?  Work according to Oxford Dictionary, is the use of physical strength and mental power in order to do or achieve something.  Different individuals worldwide has different attitude and preference to work.  All of us cannot do the same work.  Each of us has his own interest, ability, personality, aptitude etc to choose the job that will fit him or her best. This is what we known as career choice.
This study is aimed at validating Ginzbergs theory of career development among University of Benin undergraduates.  Ginbergs theory of career development and choice was a study carried out in 1962 by a group of four speculators headed by Eli Ginzbergs.  They studied the process of career development of every individuals from childhood to their early 20s and come out with various findings  (Detail in Chapter two).
This study is very important because most individuals these days has no known chosen career and some who are believed to have choices especially from the educational point of view, has chosen wrongly. This phenomenon is affecting the growth of the country economically and technologically.
For example, the problems that may arise as a result of poor career choice may include the following:

People are moving ups and downs the occupational ladder.  Some has lost locus of control in their life career.
Many choose dishonest living to make ends meet.  For example, there are reports of armed robbery, kidnapping, youth militancy and restiveness, religious intolerance and prostitution.
Many others lived from hand to mouth by engaging themselves in menial jobs like, street hawking, truck pushing and all forms of non-formal occupations.
Many more are good at begging for arms while those who lacked the common sense and begging skills, roam about and survived only by what drop from peoples tables to the dust bins.
In the university arena, many undergraduates are battling with career uncertainty.  The problem is not the lack of choice, but the abundance thereof. There are so many choices, so many opportunities, so many directions that bewilder and distract the young people.  No sooner have they shown a passive interest in this or that area than they are encouraged to make it their life careers.  Many young people today usually make choices that are not suited to their personal characteristics and aspirations because of their inadequate orientation.  Egbochukwu (2008) noted that these young people, come from different religious backgrounds with different personality make-up, traits and needs.  Some are in the school system to study and get the certificate, which will enable them to secure their future, while some are there to socialize without really knowing why they are in school.  Some are there not knowing what course and subject to choose or study nor even how to plan their time and also developed appropriate skills.  Many choose careers under the influence of parents, friends and peer groups.
Sanra (1995) postulated that, if the society is not to be plagued by a group of disgruntled, frustrated and unrealistic individuals it is desirable that careers information be provided to enable the youths arrived at a realistic choice with due realization of the limits of their own respective potentials, the available opportunities and the social expectations in the community.
In support, Okorodudu (2006), also noted that the counselor will now help the children through the assistant of parents and teachers to promote the acquisition of various vocational skills of children.  They will be able to match such skills with the aptitude, attitude, interest and ability of children in the school system. This will provide children with the opportunity of growing along with the vocational and technological skills which are congruence with their personality traits.

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