THE INFLUENCE OF INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIALS IN THE TEACHING AND LEARNING IN SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL

ABSTRACT

This study is an attempt to look critically into the influence of instructional materials on the teaching and learning in senior secondary school. Five (5) senior secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area were selected for this research work. The aims and objectives were clearly stated in chapter one. Chapter two, some related literature were reviewed that discussed the various types of instructional materials, their roles and importance, concepts of teaching and learning. The methodology of this study was based purely on the questionnaires method. Questionnaires were given to students in the various schools sampled. The simple random sampling method was adopted and oral interviews were also used by asking verbal questions from teachers. Lastly, the findings of the research reveal that instructional materials have a very great influence on the teaching and learning in the senior secondary school and therefore, lack of these instructional materials is a major obstacle on the teaching and learning in the senior secondary school. Based on the findings recommendations were made.

 

 

 

 

 

TABLE OF CONTENT

Title page

Abstract

Table of content

CHAPTER ONE

Introduction

1.1        Background of the study

1.2        Statement of the problems

1.3        Purpose of the study

1.4        Research question

1.5        Significance of the study

1.6        Basic assumptions

1.7        Limitation of the study

1.8        Definition of terms

CHAPTER TWO

Review of related literature

2.1    Instructional materials

2.2    Types and uses of instructional materials

2.3    The role of instructional materials inn teaching and learning

2.4    The concept of teaching and learning

 

CHAPTER THREE

Method of study (Methodology)

3.1    Research design

3.2    The population of the study

3.3    Sample and sampling techniques

3.4    instrument for data collection (Instrumentation)

3.5    validity and reliability of instrument

3.6    Method of data collection

3.7    Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

Data presentation/Discussion of results

CHAPTER FIVE

Summary, Conclusion, Recommendation/Suggestions

5.1    Summary

5.2    Conclusion

5.3    Recommendations

5.4    Suggestion for further studies

REFERENCES    

APPENDIX/QUESTIONNAIRES  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       BACKGROUND TO THE STUDY

Successfully management and realization of objectives of teaching and learning to a large extent can be attributed to many factors. Some of these factors include the personality of the teacher, classroom building learners characteristics availability and effective use of instructional materials. The unique role of instructional materials as an integral part of teaching and learning in classroom situation cannot be over emphasized. This is to say that method of teaching will be grossly incomplete where instructional materials are left out. It is a good policy to use as fully as possible teaching materials that can be made available in school  specially in the secondary school in order to make teaching and learning more real, purposeful and meaningful.

This was why the government in the then 6-3-3-4 system of education subjects like Maths, English, Social Studies, Physics, History, Biology, Fine Art, Chemistry, Economics, Literature in English, Home Economics, Geography, etc and then share them into three groups as Art, Socio-Science and Science subjects as one of the major intellectual achievement of the new educational system. These various subjects are supposed to make man to know understand and exercise some control over his environment and his community, society, the business sector and possibly the world at large. Inspite of these sharing of subjects in the senior secondary school curriculum the result of students was not excellently for the students that graduated, from the research carried out on the result on some students performance between 2001-2004.

The above evidence shows that in the e arly 2000’s the rate of students failure in some subjects was low and this is because the percentage of those who failed the subjects was lower than the percentage of those who passed. In recent , between 2005-2010 students performance during the , during the West African Examination Council (WAEC) in some subjects like Maths, English and Social Studies decline, this is shown in the result of subjects offered in the examination written between 2005-201, that one (1) out of every ten (10) students who sat for the examination had an A3, while other nine (9) students were with other grade (C4, C5, C6, P7, E8, F9), these could have resulted from various factors. Due to inadequate instructional materials and lack of qualified personnel in the educational sector such as teachers and masters of subjects resources persons. Inspite of the instruction of the National Examination Council (NECO) to complement that of West Africa Examination Council (WAEC) the result of the students offering some of these core subjects have not change so much from what it was in the recent past.

Though the results of students offering these subjects from national Examination Council (NECO) have quite be encouraging the above survey of students performance in these subjects under these core subjects examination. Over the years shows that students performance in all these subjects had been declining this may have resulted from the influence of the following factors.

1. Inadequate and lack of instructional materials that are necessary for the teaching and learning process in senior secondary schools.
2. Insufficient and unqualified resource personnel for researches in the field and in teaching

iii.          Inabilities of the teachers to improvise the necessary instructional materials for effective teaching of all the subjects that they teach.

1.2       STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

For teaching and learning activities to be effective and purposeful, the teacher has to make use of the right instructional materials. It is in the light of the above that this study focuses attention on the influence of instructional materials in the teaching and learning in some selected senior secondary school in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State.

1.3       PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

The study focuses attention on the influences of instructional materials on teaching and learning in the senior secondary school, specially the study will find out if the adequate utilization of available instructional materials can influence the performance of the senior secondary schools students specially in the class positively. The study will also find out the factors that hinders the effective utilization of instructional materials in the senior secondary schools, in addition the study is aimed at finding out how instructional materials can be used in the class in order to bring about the effective teaching and learning in the senior secondary schools.

1.4       RESEARCH QUESTIONS

In order to achieve the purpose of the study the following research questions were formulated to guide the investigation.

1. Does instructional materials when made available relevant to the teaching and learning of all the subjects in senior secondary school?
2. Does the use of instructional materials brings about effective teaching and learning of socio science and all other subjects in secondary schools?
3. Does the use of instructional materials increase students understanding of all the subjects?
4. Does the use of instructional materials in the class increase students retention of the subjects matter of all the subjects taught?

1.5 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

H₀: instructional materials in the class does not increase students retention of the subjects matter of all the subjects taught

H₁: instructional materials in the class does increase students retention of the subjects matter of all the subjects taught

H₀: the use of instructional materials does not bring about effective teaching and learning of socio science and all other subjects in secondary schools

H₂: the use of instructional materials does bring about effective teaching and learning of socio science and all other subjects in secondary schools

1.6       SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

This study when completed will be beneficial to the students, teachers, parents, and guardian and to the local, state and federal government, to the students the studies are important because it will help them to see how important the use of instructional materials are to their understanding of all senior secondary school subjects, specially in the core subjects. To parents and guardians this studies is of great importance because it will help them to appreciate the importance of the use of instructional materials to aid their children, understanding in all the subjects they are taught. This will induce them to join hands with the school authorities to provide all the necessary instructional materials needed to be used in the senior secondary school classroom. The study is also important to the local, state and federal government because it will help them to understand the place of instructional materials in terms of pedagogical practice. This will make them to provide all the necessary instructional materials for use in the senior secondary schools and motivate the teachers financially.

1.7       BASIC ASSUMPTION

The study is based on the following assumptions

1. The use of relevant instructional materials influence students performance in senior secondary school.
2. The use of instructional materials by the teachers increase intense understanding of subjects by the subjects matter.

iii.          That the involvement of all teachers in improvisation of instructional materials influence the teaching positively

1. Adequate research of this effects was made in Nigeria taking some selected schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State as a case study.

1.8   Scope and limitation of the Study

The scope of the study covers the influence of instructional materials in the teaching and learning in senior secondary schools. The major factor that constituted a limitation to this study was the insincerity of the respondents in supplying appropriate information required of them in relation to their personal data, socio-economic and educational background. Besides, insufficient fund to take the researcher to vast areas limited the wider coverage of the study. Time constraint also posed a limitation to the study.

Finally, incessant power failure circumspect the researcher’s ability to get adequate necessary information from the internet, which in turn cushioned the volume of the literature reviewed during the study.

1.9 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Influence: the capacity to have an effect on the character, development, or behaviour of someone or something, or the effect itself.

Instructional Material: What the teacher uses to make the lesson more interesting and understandable.

Performance: This has to do with the ability to do something or carrying out an activity.

Teaching and learning

Teaching and learning is a process that includes many variables. These variables interact as learners work toward their goals and incorporate new knowledge, behaviours, and skills that add to their range of learning experiences

1.10 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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