POST-OCCUPANCY EVALUATION OF THE STAFF QUARTERS OF FEDERAL POLYTECHNIC BIDA, NIGER STATE

ABSTRACT

This research evaluated the staff quarters of the Federal Polytechnic Bida, using Post- Occupancy Evaluation (POE) as a tool. The study; identified the facilities provided in the staff quarters of Federal Polytechnics Bida, assessed the performance level of the existing staff quarters of the Federal Polytechnics Bida, evaluated the levels of users’ satisfaction in terms of design and functionality and examined the correlation between the level of building performance and the users’ satisfaction. Primary and secondary sources of data were gathered. Sixty-two (62) questionnaires were distributed to the residents of The Federal Polytechnic staff quarters made up of 4, 3, and 2 housing units A total of forty- seven (47) questionnaires were returned representing a response rate of 76%. The data was gathered by the use of questionnaire and observation schedule and the descriptive and Pearson r correlation in SPSS software was used to analyze the results. Result gotten from the physical observation and walkthrough survey show that due to lack of landscaping in the staff quarters there were lots of grown up weeds and unregulated agricultural activities around and too close to the apartments. This can breed reptiles in the quarters. The research also shows that through post occupancy evaluation (POE) The Federal Polytechnic staff quarters gives the occupants a high level of satisfaction and POE offers a valuable methodology for analyzing the performance of buildings in general, particularly the tertiary institutional buildings like Federal Polytechnic Bida in Niger State. The study recommends that Post Occupancy Evaluation of the facilities in Federal polytechnics Bida be conducted to determine the adequacy and state of the facilities for maintenance and improvement where necessary. The research also recommend that the Federal Polytechnic should carry out post occupancy evaluation for all the facilities in the polytechnic before carry out a development of similar design or use.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1       Background to the Study

The problem housing is distinctive in nature to both developed and developing countries as well as rich and poor nations. Some particular problems are related with housing throughout the world. These problems include homelessness, shortage of housing both quantitatively and qualitatively, government are less concern of the essentials of the citizens, right to use to land that are buildable, high interest rate of home loans, as well as house cost in relation to specification and space standard. (Ibimilua and Ibitoye, 2015).

The housing stocks existing are not adequate to provide for the increasing population of our urban Centres (Jiboye 2011). In addition, Alufohai (2013), observed that the supply of residential housing that Nigeria need to close the prevailing gap is about 17 million 5 hundred thousand units in Nigeria as at that time. Meanwhile, the cost of real estate are inflated high in proportion of population progression., unacceptable infrastructures  and metropolitan services, and absence of planning being implementation have been found to make housing a difficult problem. (Olotuah, 2000; Oladunjoye, 2005).

Institutional structures, facilities, and their entire environment need to be concentrated with the maximum quality so as to achieve operational and efficiency (Olatunji, 2013). Any building that is designed and construction completed should be capable to carry out its purposes in the way that those occupying it will be assured of satisfaction and make sure of effective functioning at all the periods (Nawawi and Khalil, 2008). Frequently, the feedback about the performance or workability of buildings that are completed and are useful are not received by the Architects, except from clients that are using the building if they are satisfied or dissatisfied. Evaluation of a building by the real users is however significant for refining of the quality of the design (Ilesanmi, 2010). Institutional buildings require a based plan as evidence to repair their problems always in the procedure of reviewed standards of omission procedures and design. Institutions, more importantly higher institution, can increase the effectiveness and functionality of building in the periods yet to come when they learn from their past (Tookaloo and Smith, 2015).

In the recent literatures, the process of evaluation between that which was established and what people expected is the most widely adopted description of user satisfaction. (Parker and Mathews, 2001). Post occupancy evaluation that was studied within an institutional staff quarters will replicate the observation of staff of that quarters. In the first place, when providing any facilities (including facilities of staff resident), Satisfying users of the building should be the foremost objectives of such facilities. It is in view of this that this study sets to examine the performance of the staff quarters of The Federal Polytechnic Bida.

1.2       Statement of the Research Problem

There is a growing worry over the density of students and staff population in relation to the existing facilities and infrastructure provided for the higher institutions over decades of years ago (Akinsanya and Adewusi 2017). This is also the same in the case of Federal Polytechnic Bida.

This research is carried out to address issue of assessment of the building through Post- Occupancy Evaluation (POE) approach. POE has a mechanism that is different and can proffer solutions to the already in occupied structures; added to that is that it proposes possible alternatives that will improve the feedback of the process of design. These methods are harmonized with the desires and needs of those inhabitants to prevent repetition subsequently when in the future structures and amenities are designed. Notwithstanding the occurrence of investigation in the environment of performance of building, post- occupancy evaluation (POE) has not establish wide practice for staff quarters in Nigeria even as a systematic technique of gathering data on buildings in-use. This research therefore, aims to evaluate the performance characteristics of staff housing in tertiary institution in Nigeria as it relates to the residents’ satisfaction through post-occupancy evaluation (POE).

The researcher observed that seeing the need of completing the second part of the staff quarters according to the plan, there is need to carry out the post occupancy evaluation of the existing ones to measure the satisfaction level of the users. Also, the researcher observed that intensive effort has not been made or researches conducted to find out satisfaction of the user of the houses in relation to the limited staff quarters provided that have brought about this Post-Occupancy Evaluation of condition of the staff quarters in The Federal Polytechnic Bida.

1.3       Aim and Objectives

The aim of this research is to evaluate the staff quarters of the Federal Polytechnic Bida, using a tool called Post-Occupancy Evaluation (POE).

The objectives are to;

1.   identify the facilities provided in the staff quarters of Federal Polytechnic Bida;

2.   assess the performance level of the existing staff quarters of the Federal Polytechnic Bida;

3.   evaluate the users’ satisfaction levels of the staff quarters;

4.   examine  the  relationship  between  the  performance  level  of  building  and  the satisfaction level of users.

1.4       Research Question

With mandate to accomplish the objective of this investigation, the following research questions will be sought to address;

1. What are the facilities provided in the staff quarters Federal Polytechnics Bida?

2. What is the performance level of the staff quarters Federal Polytechnics Bida?

3. How satisfy are the users of the staff quarter in terms of design and functionality?

4. What is the relationship that exist between the performance level of building of in the staff quarters and satisfaction level of the users?

1.5        Justification for the Study

A number of studies has concentrated on evaluation of public housing and housing facilities and such include those of Isa and Yusoff (2015); Ilesanmi (2010); Ogunbode and Adama (2016); and Jiboye (2011). These studies concluded that most built facilities are in poor state due to certain factors and that the satisfaction of the end users is essential to be considered. However, few studies such as Jovita et al., (2015), Bahare, & Aida, (2015) and Akinsanya & Adewusi (2017) have critically studied issues relating to the need or importance of staff quarters. They still did not study the performance evaluation of the staff quarters. Also, few studies like Mustafa, (2017) studied performance evaluation of learning environment but not on staff quarters, most of the studies concentrated on the management of other school facilities such as hostel, clinics lecture theatre and general facilities. Oluwunmi et al., (2012) examined residential facilities in Nigerian private universities in relation to user’s satisfaction which is post occupancy evaluation. Therefore, this study focused on post occupancy evaluation of tertiary institution using user’s perspective to appraise the building performance. It is expected that it will contribute to the existing literature on higher institutional facilities by looking mainly at the staff housing or staff quarters with regard to the condition of the facilities, it is performance evaluation and also tackle the challenges facing the performance of staff that are dwelling in the staff quarters to the polytechnic which arises from the state of the staff quarters.

1.6        Scope of Study

The study covers all that the occupants have experienced during their stay in the staff quarters of The Federal Polytechnic Bida which was built for both the academic and non-academic staff. It covers the following area: the facilities in the apartment and the number and size of the rooms. the environmental factors that performs vital role in the satisfaction of the occupants in the quarters was also investigated, thing like; accessibility, security, drainages and vegetation. The study also looks at the socio-economic features of the Federal Polytechnic Bida, staff quarters in relation to proximity of the occupants to the following things; recreational Centre, health Centre, schools and shops within the campus.

This study covers all the staff quarters building which include; The four-bedroom flats, the three-bedroom flats, two-bedroom flats the flow plans are in the appendix (Fig. 1.1, 1.2, 1.3) and their boys-quarters all located in Federal Polytechnic Bida campus. The respondents to the research are the occupants of the staff housing, and the staff of works and engineering services department of the polytechnic.

1.7       Significance of Study

The study looks at a tool called Post Occupancy Evaluation (POE) to ascertain and appraise the performance of a structure for architects, estate managers, facility managers, designers, and decision makers. The future facilities guidance for design can then be provide by Post- Occupancy Evaluation (POE). The staff quarters of the Federal Polytechnic Bida has been built over 38years ago, even though the second half of the plan has not been built, there has been some complains on the existing ones after it has being occupied, the quarters have experienced problems and also lacks that are connected to functionality and environmental features. This call for  detailed investigation and studies to identify and analyze those problems in addition to flaws.

The paramount practical techniques to find and realize problems and faults is POE among others. It is not the same with other methods of evaluation because it gives emphasis to the desires and beliefs of the occupants of the building (Preiser and Vischer, 2005). Amidst the schedules of research related to this subject of evaluation is the post-occupancy evaluation (POE) method which have a distinctive instrument to discovery issues with the buildings that are already in use, in addition to proposing another course of action which may improve the process of feedback for design. These methods will avoid repetition in following proposals of facilities and structures in the future, this is in line with the wishes and needs of the occupants. This study will help the institution to find out if the building achieved the aims and visions of the institution.

1.8.       Background to the Federal Polytechnic Bida

The Federal Polytechnic Bida, was established in the year 1977 after the decision to move the then Federal College of Technology, Kano to Bida by the Federal Government of Nigeria. In the same year the first Principal was appointed on the 5th of September 1977 that is the by name Professor J. W. Brooks, from Canada. The then Bida College of Technology embarked on the duty of employing and training pioneer staff. The first session of the academic started in April 1978 with a staff strength of eleven senior staff and thirty-three junior staff and two hundred and eleven students. Through the Promulgation of Federal Polytechnic Decree number 33 of 1979, the Bida College of Technology spontaneously became The Federal Polytechnic Bida. The permanent site of The Federal Polytechnic remains from that time along Bida-Doko Road and covers a land area of approximately 2km by 2km. The development of the Physical site started in early months of 1979 and by October that same year, some staff like the administrative staff and some departments had relocated to the permanent site. The development continued in stages and the polytechnic is accommodated securely in its permanent site today. (Federal Polytechnic Bida 2019)

Federal Polytechnic, Bida is located in the North-Central quota of country (Nigeria). There are just has two seasons the region these are the rainy season as well as dry season. From the month of May till early August of the year is mostly the rainy season comes while the month of October till April of the next year comes the dry season, Frequently, Harmattan come along between December and February and it’s usually very cold especially at night so it’s advisable to go with warm clothing.

The Tertiary Institution Federal Polytechnic Bida is owned by Federal Government and is located within Bida metropolis, Niger State, Nigeria. It at this time has the following

faculties: School of Business Administration, School of General Studies, School of Applied and Natural Sciences, School of Environmental Studies, School of Engineering Technology, School of Communication and Information Technology and School of Financial Studies (Federal Polytechnic Bida 2019)

1.8.1.   Federal Polytechnic Bida Staff Quarters

Like many other polytechnics the Federal Polytechnic Bida has accommodation for her staff within the campus.  The staff quarters were completed in the year 1983 and since then it has been in use. Although the staff number outnumbers the staff quarter, they are able to house a number of staff. They have different flat for different level of staff these include; six number four (4) bedroom flats, fifty-two number three (3) bedroom flats, and four number two (2) bedroom flats. The four bedrooms flat and the three bedrooms flat have two boys’ quarters. The flow plan for each type of apartment also in the appendix as figure 1,2, and 3and the google map of the present situation is below as Figure 1.1.

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