FACILITY OF BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION DEPARTMENT OF MANAGEMENT

ABSTRACT

This research work titled ‘The Problems and prospects of Deregulation of the Nigeria Economy is carried out with objectives such as ascertaining the reasons behind the deregulation process; finding  out  the  impact of  deregulation on  the  economy and  to identify the challenges of management in a deregulation  economy. To achieve the above, data was collected through the use of questionnaires that were drawn up to reflect the necessary details needed. Materials were gotten from the university state libraries and the questionnaire were distributed to various departments of the company. Data gotten were analyzed using the simple percentage distribution and hypothesis was tested using the chi- square distribution,

The outcome of this research shows that there is a general preference for the telecom industry after deregulation than before; deregulation has brought about increased efficiency and effectiveness of telephony services and that it has increased the nations prospects in international trade. However, the researcher believes partial deregulation as is witnessed in the energy sector should be avoided and that deregulation of other sectors of the economy should be encouraged to increase their productivity and contribution to economic growth.

CHAPTER ONE

ANALYSIS OF DATA PRESENTED

This chapter is designed and aimed at analyzing and interpreting the responses obtained from the administrated questions. Here, the research extracts information that would help in tackling the problems as presented in the hypothesis formulated in chapter one.

Management level No of respondents Percentage % Management staff 6 6.31 Senior staff 31 32.63 Junior staff 48 50.53 Total 85 89.47

To  get  relevant  information,  a  set  of  95  questionnaires  was administered to 95 persons of this, three (3) were found not to be properly filled while seven (7) were not returned to the researcher Eight five (85) copies were filled correctly and used in this analysis. TABLE 4.01 Distribution of Respondents

From the above table, it is seen that 89. 47% of the total respondents   returned their questionnaires correctly filled.3.16% were not properly filled whiled 7.37%  were not returned to the researcher.

TABLE 4.02 Sex Distribution Of The Respondents

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
Male	60	70.59
Female	25	29.41
Total	85	100

The above table shows that 70.59% of the total respondents were male while 29.41% were female employees of the company.

Table 4.03              educational qualifications of respondents

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
F.S.L.C	2	2.35
WAEC/GCE	5	5.88
OND/NCE	10	11.88
HMD/BSC	54	63.53
PGD/ABOVE	14	16.47
	85	100

From the above table, it is seen that majority of the staff of the company, that is, 63.53% have HND and B.Sc. 2.35% have first school leaving certificates. 5.88% have their secondary school certificates in the form of WAEC or GCE. 11.88% are OND and NCE holders while 16.47% have their postgraduate degrees.

TABLE 4.04 Age Distribution of Respondents

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
18-30 years	30	35.29
31-40	28	32.84

41-50	20	23.53
51-60	6	7.06
61 and above	1	1.18
	85	100

The  table  above  shows  35.29%  of  the  total  respondents  to  be between the age of 18 and 30; 32.94% are between the age of 31-

40; 23.53% are within the age of 41-50; 7.06 are within the age of

51-60 and 1.18% are 61 and above.

Table 4.05 Respondents That Have Professional Training

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
Yes	65	76.47
No	20	23.53
Total	85	100

The table shows that 76.47% of the total respondents have professional  training  while  23.53%  do  not  have  professional training.

Options No of respondents Percentage % 0-15% 10 11.76 16-30% 13 15.29 31-45% 45 52.94 Above 45% 10 11.76 No idea 7 8.24 Total 85 100

TABLE 4.06 distribution of govt. effort in promoting deregulation

The above table shows that 11.76% of the total respondents believers the government to be giving 0-15% promotion to the deregulation process. 15.26% believe the government effort should be put between 16-30%; 52.94% believe the government effort in promoting the deregulation process is between 31-45%; 11.76% believe it to be above 45% while 8.24% do not have an idea of government effort in encouraging the deregulations process.

Table 4.07 Availability Of Telephones

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
Yes	70	82.35
No	5	5.88
I don’t know	10	11.76
Total	85	100

The above table shows that 11.76% of the total respondents cannot say definitely if the deregulations process which brought about private participation in the telecommunication industry has increased the availability of telephones. 5.88% think it has not;

82.3% of the total respondents think that private participation in

the telecommunication industry has increased the availability of telephones, since  even  secondary school  students and  in  some cases primary school pupils now make use of mobile phones which used to be considered a luxury product is the old times.

Table 4.08 comparison of telecom industry before and after deregulation

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
Before deregulation	20	23.53
After deregulation	54	63.53
The same	11	12.94
Total	85	100

The above table show that 23.53% of the total respondents believe the performance of the telecom industry before deregulation to be better  than  that  after  deregulation; 63.53%  of  the  respondents believe that the performance of the telecom industry after deregulation is  better  than  before  deregulation.  12.94%  cannot really say which they think is better.

We can conclude from the above that the performance of the telecom industry after deregulation is better than its performance before deregulation.

Table 4.09 Deregulation Of The Other Sectors

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
Yes	49	57.65
No	20	23.53
Not sure	16	18.82
Total	85	100

The above table shows that 57.65% of the total respondents would support  the  deregulation  of  the  other  sectors  of  the  economy;

23.53% would not support it while 18.82% are not sure if they would support or stand against further deregulation in the other sectors of the economy.

TABLE   4.10   More   Foreign   Investment   As   A   Result   Of

Deregulation

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
Agree	55	64.71
Disagree	10	11.76
Not sure	20	23.53
Total	85	100

From the above table, it  is  seen  that 23.53%  of  the total respondents are not sure if deregulation of other sectors of the economy would bring about increased foreign investment into the nation. 11.76% do not think that further deregulation would bring about increased foreign investment; while 64.71% of the total respondents believe that deregulating the other sectors of the economy would bring about increased foreign investment in the nation.

We can thus conclude that deregulating the other sectors of the economy would bring about increased foreign investment in the nation.

Table 4.11 Economic Growth And Development

Options	No of respondents	Percentage %
Yes	57	67.06
No	10	11.76
Not sure	18	21.18
Total	85	100

The above table shows that 67.06% of the total respondents believe deregulation would bring about further economic growth and development. 11.76% do not think that deregulating the economy of the nation would bring about its growth and development; while 21.18% of the total respondents are not sure if deregulating   the   economy   would   lead   to   its   growth   and development.

Since 67.06%, which is above the average of 50% of the total respondents believe that deregulation would lead to economic growth and development, we can conclude therefore that further deregulation of the economy would lead to its continued growth and development.

4.1  TEST OF HYPOTHESIS

Three question as outlined in the formulation of hypothesis in chapter one were tested. The chi- square method was used.

X2 = (fO –f1)2

F1

Where X2    = Chi- Square

FO      = Observed frequency

F1       = Expected frequency

The hypothesis stated in chapter one will be tested at 0.05 level of significance,  and  our  final  assumption  will  be  based  on  the following rules:

1.     If the calculated chi- square statistic value (X2T) is more than tabulated chi-square statistics (X2T), the null hypothesis will be rejected.

2.     If  the  tabulated  chi-square  statistics  is  more  than  the calculated chi- square statistics, the null hypothesis will be accepted.

HYPOTHESIS 1

Ho:  Deregulation brings about effective and efficient production of goods enhanced services.

H1:   Deregulation  does  not  brings  about  effective  and  efficient production of goods and enhanced services.

Q8:  How do you see telecommunication services since the advent

of deregulation.

a.	improved [	]
b.	Unimproved [	]
c.	Retrogressive	[	]
d.	no idea    [	]

	Improved	Unimproved	Retrogressive	No     idea	Total
Management staff	3	1	1	1	6
Senior staff	22	6	2	1	31
Junior staff	25	15	5	3	48
Total	50	22	8	5	85

Expected frequency (f1) = (RT x (CT) GT

RT   =      Row Total

CT	=	Column Total
GT	=	Grand Total

6  x 50	6 x 22	6 x 8	6 x 5
85 = 3.529	85  = 1.553	85  = 0.565	85  = 0.353

31  x 50	31 x 22	31 x 8	31 x 5
85 = 18.24	85 = 8.024	85  = 2.918	85 = 1.824

48  x 50	48 x 22	48 x 8		48 x 5
85  = 28.235	85= 12.424	85 = 4.518	85	= 2.824

Observed frequency (f0)	Expected frequency (f1)	F0 –f1	(f0 –f1)2	(f0 –f1)2 f1
3	3.529	0.529	0.2798	0.07929
1	1.553	0-.553	0.3058	0.1969
1	0.565	0.435	0.1892	0.3349
1	0.353	0.647	0.4186	1.1859
22	18.24	3.76	14.1376	0.7751
6	8.024	2-024	4.0966	0.5105
2	2.918	-0.918	0.8427	0.2888
1	1.824	-0.824	0.6790	0.3722
25	28.235	3-.235	10.4652	0.3706
15	12.424	2.576	6.6358	0.5341
5	4.518	0.482	0.2323	0.0514
3	2.824	0.176	0.0310	0.0110
			X2C	4.71069

Level of significance        =      0.05

Degree of freedom    =      (RN -1) x (CN -1)

=      (3 -1) x (4-1)

=       2x 3        =      6

From statistical table, the chi- square value of  X2   0.05 with 6 degrees for freedom  =      12.59

( X2T)               =      12.59 (X2C)        =      4.71069

Decisions rule:

If X2C >X2T, reject H0

From above, since X2C >X2T (4.71069 < 12.59), we accept H0

Thus, we conclude that deregulation brings about effective and efficient production of goods and enhanced services.

HYPOTHESIS II

H0:   Deregulation of the  telecommunication industry has led to an increase in it contribution to national development.

H1:  Deregulation of the telecommunication industry has not led to an increase in its contribution to national development.

Q9:  To what extent do you think the deregulation telecom industry has contributed to national development

a) To a great extent b) To little extent

c) To no extent

d) No idea

	Great     extent	Little     extent	No     extent	No idea	Total
Management     staff	3	1	1	1	6
Senior staff	22	4	1	4	31
Junior staff	40	3	3	2	48
Total	65	8	5	7	85

Expected frequency (f1) = (RT x (CT) GT

RT	=	Row Total
CT	=	Column Total
GT	=	Grand Total

6  x 65	6 x 8        6 x 5	6 x 7
85 = 4.588	85  = 0.565	85  =  0.353	85  = 0.494

31 x 65            31 x 8             31 x 5                     31x 7

85 = 23.706     85 = 2.918      85  = 1.824      85  = 2.553

48  x 65	48 x 8		48 x 5		48 x 7
85  = 36.706	85 = 4.518	85	=  2.824	85	= 3.953

Observed frequency (f0)	Expected frequency (f1)	F0 –f1	(f0 –f1)2	(f0 –f1)2 f1
3	4.588	-1.588	2.522	0.550
1	0.565	0.435	0.189	0.335
1	0.353	0.647	0.419	1.186
1	0.494	0.506	0.256	0.518
22	23.706	-1.706	2.910	0.123
4	2.918	1.082	1.171	0.401
1	1.824	-0.824	0.689	0.372
4	2.553	1.447	2.094	0.820
40	36.706	3.294	10.850	0.296
3	4.518	-1.518	2.304	0.510
3	2.824	0.176	0.031	0.012
2	3.953	-1.953	3.814	0.965
			X2C	6.088

Level of significance        =      0.05

Degree of freedom    =      (RN -1) x (CN -1)

=      (3 -1) x (4-1)

=       2x 3        =      6

From statistical table, the chi- square value of  X2   0.05 with 6 degrees for freedom  =      12.59

(X2T) = 12.59 (X2C) = 6.088

Decisions rule:

If X2C >X2T, reject H0

If X2C <X2T, accept H0

From above, since X2C <X2T (6.088 <12.59), we accept   the null hypothesis. .

We can thus conclude that deregulation of the telecommunication industry  has  led  to  an  increase  in  its  contribution to  national development.

HYPOTHESIS III

H0:   Deregulation have the impact of creating more employment opportunities.

H1:  Deregulation  does  not  have  the  impact  of  creating  more employment opportunities.

Q10: Do you think deregulation of the Nigeria telecom industry has created more job opportunities?

a) Yes b) No

c) Not sure

	Yes	No	Not sure	Total
Management staff	4	1	1	6
Senior staff	20	5	6	31
Junior staff	36	4	8	48
Total	60	10	15	85

Expected frequency (f1) = (RT x (CT) (GT)

RT	=	Row Total
CT	=	Column Total
GT	=	Grand Total

6  x 60	6 x 10	6 x 15
85 = 4.235	85  = 0.706	85  =	1.059

31 x 60	31 x 10	31 x 15
85 = 21.882	85 = 3.647	85  = 5.471

48  x 60	48 x 10	48 x 15
85  = 33.882	85 = 5.647	85  =	8.471

Observed frequency (f0)	Expected frequency (f1)	(f0 –f1)	(f0 –f1)2	(f0 –f1)2 f1
4	4.235	0.055	-0.055	0.01304
1	0.706	0.294	0.0864	0.1224
1	1059	-0.059	0.00348	1.00329
20	21.882	-1.882	3.5419	0.1619
5	3.647	-1.353	1.8306	0.5019
6	5.471	0.529	0.2798	0.05115
36	33.883	2.118	4.4859	0.1324
4	5.647	-1.647	2.7126	0.4804
8	8.471	-0.471	0.2218	0.02619
			1.49267	6.088

Level of significance        =      0.05

Degree of freedom    =      (RN -1) x (CN -1)

=      (3 -1) x (4-1)

=       2x 2        =      4

From statistical table, the chi- square value of  X2   0.05 with 4 degrees for freedom  =      9.49

(X2T) tabulated value       = 9.49 (X2C) calculated value     = 1.4927

Decisions rule:

If X2C >X2T, reject H0

If X2C <X2T, accept H0

We can thus conclude that deregulation has the impact of crating more employment opportunities.

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