EFFECTIVE COMMUNICATION: A STRATEGY FOR ENHANCED ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE

Abstract

In the organization, communication between or within workgroups has a significant impact. A channel for the flow of information, resources, and even policy can be communication. Further study is required to explore this subject as it relates to the field of organization behavior, given the significance of good communication on organizational performance. In order to do this, this study evaluates how organizational communication affects an organization’s performance. The findings of this study show that communication within an organization is higher among people at the same level than among those at different levels. It was discovered that communication has a substantial impact on an organization’s performance and that the organizational environment impacts communication efficacy. A link exists between good communication and workers’ performance. In order to increase employee productivity and organizational performance, it was advised that management make sure all employees take deliberate steps to advance their communication skills so they are aware of how communication affects performance. Management should also create an environment that supports open and safe communication free from communication barriers.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

The process through which information is conveyed and comprehended by two or more individuals is referred to as communication (McShane & Von Glinow, 2005). The history of the term “communication” is extensive and nuanced. The word communication, which implies to influence, share, or make common, first emerged in the English language in the fourteenth century. According to Bateman (2002), communication is the transfer of knowledge and meaning between two parties through the use of a common symbol. The management of the affairs of any organization, whether in the function of planning, organizing, staffing, leading, or controlling, is widely known to play a coordinated and integrated role in communication. One of the key topics for comprehending human behavior is communication (Rami (2000). In order to carry the entire organization as an one entity, management must employ communication as a key instrument.

It is obvious that an effective communication strategy is a way to support organizational operations by sharing information so that improved results and performance can be achieved. Every organization, whether it be public or private, needs good communication to convey ideas, information, and solutions for internal communication issues. According to McKinney et al., efficient team performance depends on effective communication, which they compare to blood flow in the body. Employee communication is a key resource in any organization because it is evident that it is essential to both organizational success and worker performance. In today’s business world, communication is essential. It is evident that businesses cannot succeed without effective communication with their staff, clients, and customers. Business today is undoubtedly difficult and the industry is quite competitive. The management of all an organization’s production components is then necessary. The human factor is one of these factors that might be particularly difficult to handle. In order to ensure the best efficiency, human ideas, emotions, and sentiments should be expertly regulated. Effective communication can boost organizational outputs and productivity, according to certain studies (Garnelt, Marlowe, & Pandey, 2008).

A single business may have multiple strategies for different categories of people, such as clients, investors, competitors or employees. Some companies even have an internal communication strategy for communicating within the business itself. These strategies are used to determine things like what information to share with the clients or investors, as well as how that information should be presented. (Festus, 2014)

Communication is applied to all phase of managing. It is particularly important in the function of leading. Communication is critical for all level of human behavior man’s ability to think and transmit the thought through the communication process, provides the binding element for social interaction. The relation success or failure of human endeavor depend to a great extent upon the effectiveness of communication (Haroon, H. (2018)

According to Francis (2016), the management effectiveness depends on his ability to listen and to read on his ability to speak and to write. Unfortunately, the importance of communication has not been well recognized in business. It is generally believed that anyone with common sense can write. Most managers write to impress not to express. Effective communication is a fundamental aspect of job performance and managerial effectiveness. Communication is a vital management component to any organization whether the purpose is to mainly update employees on new polices to prepare for a weather disaster to ensure safety throughout the organization or to listen to the attitude of employees; effective communication is an integral issue in effective management. Based on this background the study wants to investigate the effective communication

Statement of the problem

Unquestionably, a significant portion of organizational inefficiency and confusion can be attributed to weak and insufficient information understanding. Since communication is regarded to be the nervous system of any organized group. Davis (2012) (2012) Without a doubt, there are several issues related to the impact of good communication on organizational performance, such as:

i.          Poor listening and premature evaluation when people do not listen carefully to what is being said to them, this will in turn result to premature evaluation

 ii.        Information overload: When information is too much it will lead to misinterpretation

iii.        Difference in status and power between the sender and the receiver of information is another barrier to effective communication.

iv.        Selective perception: people tend to perceive what they expect to perceive in communication, it means that they hear what they want to hear and ignore other relevant information.

v.         Attitude: This is the predisposition of an act or not to act in certain way. It is a mental position regarding a fact or state. Clearly, if people have made up their minds, they cannot objectively listen to what is said. According to Katz (2000) he stipulated that the fundamental problems in communication arise from two assumptions.

Failure of communication can cause many organizational arguments. Therefore, it is crucial to bring focus on effective communication, emotions, environment, psychological and technical characteristics of the medium, which can improve organizational performance. Most organizational clashes have been elevated because of ineffective communication strategies (Lee, 2003 and Scotte, 2004). The continual suspension of accessing information by staff seems to confine their performance, which could create mismanagement in coordinating of organizational activities. Therefore, performance of employees in relation with their duties and responsibility seems to question their communication techniques in terms of performance in the organizations.

Objective of the study

The objective of the study is to investigate the effective Communication: A Strategy for Enhanced Organizational Performance. The specific objectives are;

1. To examine if effective communication has effect on organizational performance
2. To ascertain if organization environment affect communication process
3. To verify if communication difficulties affect various management cadre in the organization.

Research Questions

The following research questions are formulated;

1. Does effective communication affect the performance of an organization?
2. How can organizational performance be enhanced by effective communication?
3. What is the impact of the environment on both inflow and outflow of communication in the organization?
4. What are the major factors responsible for the difficulties encountered in the interpersonal communication between top level managers and lower level managers?

Research Hypotheses

The following research hypotheses are formulated;

1. Hypothesis One

Ho: Effective communication does not contribute to organizational performance.

Hi: Effective communication contributes to Organizational performance.

• Hypothesis Two

Ho:  Organizational environment does not affect organization communication process

Hi: Organizational environment does affect organization communication process

• Hypothesis Three

Ho: A Communication difficulty does not affect various management levels in organization.

Hi: communication difficulties affect various management levels in organization.

Significance of the study

The research work will be of immense benefit to various forms of organization in Nigeria at the conclusion of this research work, both top and low level managers in Nigeria organization would be able to view communication as a means by which people are linked in an organization to achieve their common objective. This research work will be of importance to Nigerians because it would describe the various methods techniques and means by which effective communication as a strategy for enhancing organizational performance.  More so, this study would produce an insight for top middle and low level managers in organizations in Nigeria to understand the importance of effective communication and ensure observance of this for optimal performance. The research work would be a useful source of materials for information, teaching and for future research purposes.

Finally this study will assist in knowing the benefit to be enjoyed and derived that really emphasizes on the concept of organizational communication as a strategy for its organizational growth and performance.

Scope of the study

The scope of the study covers effective Communication: A Strategy for Enhanced Organizational Performance. The study will be limited to Dangote cement PLC in Lagos state

Limitation of the study

Dangote cement PLC is a very large company with well over five thousand employees. Therefore to carry out an aggregate study of the flow of effective communication as a strategy for enhancing organizational performance will be a tedious task and requires much time, but this constraint was mitigated against by carrying out the survey across the various locations and departments in the organization

Definition of terms

Communication: is the transfer of information from one person to another

Organization: An enterprise/business entity.

Performance: The rate at which something works

Employee: An employee of an organization is a member of that organization who contributes both physical and mental energy towards the production of the goods and services of the said organization and collects as reward wages and salaries. An employee is a member of staff. Employees have jobs, duties and responsibilities which performed individually or collectively will enable the organization to attain her objectives.

Management: People or persons in charge of organization.

Top level Management: Refers to the heads of any organization

Middle level/management:  This group consists of the personnel accountants and marketing officers this group is answerable to the top level management.

Lower level management: This group carries most of the information both to the top level and middle level management and they are referred to as the supervisory level.

Subordinates: are directly involved in coordinating the activities of management employees

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