THE CHALLENGES FACED BY INDUSTRIAL SECURITY PERSONNEL IN CURBING CRIME AND CRIMINALITIES IN LAGOS STATE

 

Abstract

The existence and rapid growth of Private Security Organizations (PSOs) have created new opportunities and challenges. To regulate the PSOs effectively, this study investigated the challenges of PSOs in crime prevention in Lagos State. This private security organization are saddle with the responsibility of protecting individuals, organization, agencies and parastatals. In the cause of this research data were obtain by the use of questionnaire and personal interview. This data were adequately analysed and due interpretation were given, summary, conclusion and recommendation was made.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER ONE

 

Background of the study

Security has become all-embracing, touching on every aspect of human endeavor because of the human and industrial development brought about by civilization (Mayah, 2003). Odinkalu (2004) every society is dynamic, and changes occur in society owing to development. Therefore, the scope of security needs includes industrial and civil safety; economic, communications and general infrastructural security; environmental security; and more advanced systems of intelligence that place a premium on prevention of crime rather than detection of and responses to it. Omololu (2005) observes that, because of the new security challenges that have emerged and to be able to maintain continuous relevance amidst these new security challenges, the structural and operational strategies of policing must be able to deal with them. In this pursuit for continuous relevance in crime control, the art of policing has been modified several times. An initiative that is gaining global acceptance is to encourage private participation in policing. Studies of the emergence of corporate private policing have pointed to the importance of broad shifts in global governance and to a large extent, the authority of CPSOs is related to these changes. In particular, the importance of CPSOs is aided by three key developments: first, the dominance of neo-liberal economic policies; second, the commodification of security and its associated constitution as a realm of expert knowledge; and third, the incorporation of CPSOs into multiple security networks (Abrahamsen and Williams, 2007). Generally, the role of CPSOs may be characterized by their emphasis on a preventive approach that the public police might be unable to provide for the protection of private property and the maximization of profits, while that of the public police is apprehension (Bayley and Shearing, 1996). Minnaar (1999) notes that these organizations are subjected to the opinions and interests of their immediate employers rather than to public opinions and interests. CPSOs are also able to use more sophisticated, scientifically advanced and technical equipment in crime prevention, which most local law-enforcement agencies cannot afford (Spitzer and Scull, 1977; Hougan, 1978; Scott and McPherson, 1979; Bayley and Shearing, 1996). Fischer and Green (2004) observe that the sheer volume of crime and its cost, including financial constraints in recent times, have overstretched the public police. These constraints in public policing have made corporate providers indispensable in the prevention of crime. Schreier and Caparini (2005) claim that demand for security services is rising as a result of economic, demographic and political changes, which are leading to a greater discrepancy in society. In some states across the world, the number of corporate providers exceeds that of the public police, sometimes by a factor of two or three. In a time when public police is experiencing little or no growth, CPSOs are experiencing greater demands on their resources (Caparini, 2006). The existence and rapid growth of the CPSOs have, undoubtedly, created new opportunities and challenges. Although industrial security in the private business sector is a very important factor and aspect of a secure business environment, there are many constraints and problems placed on the path of the providers of this industrial security. To be able to sufficiently regulate and improve the corporate industry effectively, the strengths and weaknesses of the industry need to be investigated. The objective of the study, therefore, was to investigate the challenges of providing security in Lagos State, Nigeria by the CPSOs.

 

 

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

The security challenge in the country cannot be over emphasize this is because in the past five years the major challenges facing the develop and developing country has been the challenges of insecurity. Once the cable TV turn on the headlines making round the news is insurgency, rebels militancy, kidnapping stilling and other social vices which has become a major challenge to the Nigeria police force, hence the need for private security providers to fill the vacuum. The challenges faced by this security operative are enormous ranging from financial, technological, capital and human resources.

OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objective of this study is to ascertain the challenges faced by industrial security personnel in curbing crime and criminalities in Lagos state, however it is conceived that at the completion of the studies the following objective will be achieved:

To determine the role of industrial security operative in combating crime

To proffer ways of enhancing  better security to individuals, organizations, and the state at large by this security agency

To analyze the role of Nigerian police force in collaborating with corporate security operatives

To evaluate ways of enhancing better working relationship between private and public security operative.

RESEARCH QUESTION

For the successful completion of these studies, the following research question was put forward

What is the role of private security operative in combating crime?

What ways can this private security operative provide better security to the state?

In what ways can the Nigerian police force collaborate with this private security operative in combating crime in Lagos state?

In what ways can we enhanced better working relationship between private security operative and public security operative?

 

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is conceived that at the completion of this study, the findings will be beneficial to both the private security operative and the public security operative in Lagos state and beyond.

The study will also beneficial to the ministry of defense who are responsible for protecting the state against internal and external aggression, the study will also be beneficial to the academia researchers security operatives and the general public.

1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDIES

The scope of the studies covers the challenges faced by industrial or cooperate security personnel in curbing crime and criminalities in Lagos state however, this studies has some constrain which are mention below:

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher have to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
3. c) FINANCE: The finance available for the research work does not allow for wider coverage as resources are very limited as the researcher has other academic bills to cover.

1.7 DEFINATION OF TERMS

CORPORATE SECURITY

Corporate security identifies and effectively mitigates or manages, at an early stage, any developments that may threaten the resilience and continued survival of a corporation. It is a corporate function that oversees and manages the close coordination of all functions within the company that are concerned with security, continuity and safety.

CHIEF SECURITY OFFICER (CSO)

The Chief Security Officer (CSO) is the corporation’s top executive who is responsible for security. The CSO serves as the business leader responsible for the development, implementation and management of the organization’s corporate security vision, strategy and programs. They direct staff in identifying, developing, implementing and maintaining security processes across the organization to reduce risks, respond to incidents, and limit exposure to liability in all areas of financial, physical, and personal risk; establish appropriate standards and risk controls associated with intellectual property; and direct the establishment and implementation of policies and procedures related to data security

CRIMINALITIES

While the term criminality is used often in criminology to refer to actual criminal characteristics of a person (i.e., propensity evidence such as past criminal record, etc.), we use the term criminality to refer to the extent to which a person’s appearance triggers stereotypes about criminals.  Research on facial stereotypes and their effects on social and cognitive processes has been predominantly limited to the attractive and babyface stereotypes (Zebrowitz, 1998).  While we know that people are quick to make attributions based on appearance (Berscheid & Walster, 1974; Berry & McArthur, 1985; Bull & Rumsey, 1988;  Zebrowitz, 1998; Zebrowitz & Collins, 1997), little work to date has evaluated the stereotype of criminality.  Stereotypes of criminal appearance are important not simply for broadening our understanding of the link between face perception and trait attributions, but for the practical applications in the legal system.  Eyewitnesses, lawyers, judges, jurors and police officers make decisions directly related to interactions with individuals who may or may not have committed a crime.  Criminal stereotypes introduce a bias into these processes that negatively affect people’s lives and affect the course of law enforcement activities.

CRIME

a crime is an unlawful act punishable by a state or other authority. The term “crime” does not, in modern criminal law, have any simple and universally accepted definition, though statutory definitions have been provided for certain purposes. The most popular view is that crime is a category created by law; in other words, something is a crime if declared as such by the relevant and applicable law. One proposed definition is that a crime or offence (or criminal offence) is an act harmful not only to some individual or individuals but also to a community, society or the state (“a public wrong“). Such acts are forbidden and punishable by law.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDIES

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study its based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.

1.9 BRIEF HISTORY OF THE ORGANIZATION

Halogen Security Company Limited was incorporated in July 1992 as a Private Limited Liability Company and granted license to operate in November of the same year to fill-in for yawning gap in quality security guard service in Nigeria. The company started business immediately and showed from inception that it was poised to revolutionize security services in the country, which has resulted in making us the leading security services provider in the nation.

Having been in operation for over twenty years, we have been able to attract and retain several select clients some of whom we even retain from inception until date.  We have acquired vast experience in virtually all facets of security and protection of lives and property.

Halogen Security belongs to several professional associations’ furtherance to our quest for professional excellence. These Associations include:

Institute of Industrial Security and Safety of Nigeria

Nigerian Institute of Safety Professionals

Association of Professional Security Practitioners of Nigeria

Halogen Security operates in Nigeria in association with PROTEACOIN GROUP South Africa, now a BIDVEST company on the basis of technical expertise and operational efficiency, helping us to extend an improvement in quality of service delivered every time.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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