LEADERSHIP AND NATIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA A STUDY OF 4TH REPUBLIC 2011-2015

 

Abstract

It is pointless saying that, the asking price of child care in Nigeria is too steep and has in no small by the number hindered the Nation’s habit both cave dweller and infrastructural. It is besides one of the reasons why money has eaten absorbed into the fabrics of our society. It is also one of the reasons why corruption has eaten deep into the fabrics of our society. This is evident in the level of stark poverty of many in the midst of the provocative opulence of the few, the collapse of the health care system, education has become as unattainable as the sky, politico-economic infrastructure resulting to the pauperization and near elimination of Nigerian middle class, pollution of values and culture as shown in massive corruption and indecency, high level of indiscipline, moral decadence, the resurgence of dangerous dimension of ethnicity, insecurity of lives and property as well as political violence.

 

 

 

 

CHAPTER TWO

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study

General Sani Abacha came into power in 1993 after the controversial annulment of the 1993 Presidential elections with another policy somersault. His policy package radically de-emphasized the influence of International institutions and centered mainly on the exploitation of domestic efforts towards transforming the economy. In 1999, Chief Olusegun Obasanjo was elected as the President and Commander -in-chief of the Nigerian Armed Forces. He took yet another radical departure from his predecessors. His first four years in office were focused mainly on consolidating democracy. Thereafter, he concentrated on reforms in Banking and Telecommunication Sectors. He also initiated the National Economic Empowerment and Development Strategies (NEEDS). These policies, combined together, have been widely acclaimed as successful as they have had some appreciable impact on other sectors of the economy.  (Hamid 2008 cited in Agu, 2013). The tenets of public service, which include honesty, integrity, loyalty, probity, accountability, transparency, impartiality, discipline, commitment, diligence, expertise and competence, among others, have not only been violated by public officials but also eroded by political office holders. Thus, paving way for the enrichment of the few, who are in power and authority, and in turn the impoverishment of majority of the citizens who are subjected to poverty, dirt, insecurity and violence. Another policy reversal was introduced by Alhaji Umaru Yar’adua following his election and inauguration in May, 2007 as the President and Commander-in-Chief of Nigeria Armed Forces. His policy package was tagged the 7-Point Agenda where he identified seven sectors of the economy as the engine room to the transformation of the entire economy. With his demise in 2009, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, the then Vice President, took over as substantive President and maintained the reform agenda of his predecessor up until May 2011. Goodluck Ebele Jonathan took oath of office as the newly elected President and Commander-in-Chief of Nigeria Armed Forces on 29th of May, 2011 amidst thunderous expectations of a new dawn, given his humble background and the mountain of problems and decay that the country has found itself over the years. Realizing the high expectations, the President promised not to let the people down. On that historic day, Goodluck Ebele Jonathan promised Nigerians a policy package tagged the Transformation Agenda when he declared that Together we will unit over our nation and improve the living standard of all our people whether in the North or in the South; in the East or in the West. Our decade of development has begun. The march is on. The day of Transformation begins today. We will not allow anyone to exploit differences in creed or tongue to set us one against another. (Tell Special Edition, June 2012:9) The President further pledged that his leadership will be decidedly transformative in all critical sectors and that his administration must grow the economy, create jobs and generate enduring happiness for all and sundry. In addition, the President declared on day that he has “great confidence in the ability of Nigerians to transform the country and that the urgent task of his administration is to provide a suitable environment for productive activities to flourish. He went on to appeal all good people of Nigerian to enlist as agents of the great Transformation Agenda (Tell Special Edition, June, 2012:9). In Nigeria, the menace of corruption has been discussed at different levels, yet this ugly incidence keeps surviving with us at all facets of our endeavors “Nye, (2000) since the return of the country to civilian rule on may 29 1999, the Nigerian government has taken a number of measures to address the problems of corruption and bad governance in the country. These measures include public service reform (monetization to reduce waste and reduction of over-bloated personnel, reform of public procurement establishment of anti-corruption enforcement agencies “such as the economic and financial crime commission, independent corruption and other Practices commission) and the on-going sanitization of the financial services sector by the central bank under governor Godwin Emefiele, which have revealed mind bulging levels of bare faced theft by the management of several banks in Nigeria

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

It is pertinent to say that the importance of leadership in any sphere of life or a country cannot be over emphasized. As any group of people without a leader is like a sheep without shepherd. As common as the word is, having a true leader is a tedious task. Nigeria as a country has undergone several challenges and travail in the hands of her leader. It is on this backdrop that the researcher embarked to study to ascertain the role of leaders in national development in Nigeria with reference to president Goodluck Jonathan administration.

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is on leadership and national development in Nigeria. However, for the successful completion of the study, the researcher set the following sub-objectives:

1. To ascertain the impact of leadership in national development
2. To ascertain the relationship between leadership and national development in Nigeria

• To the effect of bad leadership on the country’s national development

1. To ascertain the role of the leaders in national building.
   • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated:

H₀: there is no significant impact of leadership on national development

H₁: there is significant impact of leadership and national development in Nigeria

H₀: there is no significant relationship between leadership quality and national development in Nigeria

H₂: there is significant relationship between leadership quality and national development

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

At the completion of the study, it is perceived that the findings will be of great importance to the federal government in choosing the heard of department carefully. The study will also be of great importance to the state government in rendering quality leadership and showering the populace with dividend of democracy.

The study will also be of great importance to heads of organization in choosing their leadership style. Finally, the study will be of great importance to academia’s, lecturers, students, researchers and the general public as it will add to the pool of knowledge

• SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers leadership and national development in Nigeria with emphasis on president Goodluck Jonathan administration. The researcher encounters some limitation in the course of the study; they are:

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
3. c) FINANCE: The finance available for the research work does not allow for wider coverage as resources are very limited as the researcher has other academics

 

 

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

Leadership

Leadership is both a research area and a practical skill encompassing the ability of an individual or organization to “lead” or guide other individuals, teams, or entire organizations. The literature debates various viewpoints: contrasting Eastern and Western approaches to leadership and also (within the West) US vs. European approaches. US academic environments define leadership as “a process of social influence in which a person can enlist the aid and support of others in the accomplishment of a common task“.  Leadership seen from a European and non-academic perspective encompasses a view of a leader who can be moved not only by communitarian goals but also by the search for personal power.

National development

National development refers to the ability of a nation to improve the lives of its citizens. Measures of improvement may be material, such as an increase in the gross domestic product, or social, such as literacy rates and availability of healthcare.

Corruption

Corruption is a form of dishonest or unethical conduct by a person entrusted with a position of authority, often to acquire personal benefit. Corruption may include many activities including bribery and embezzlement, though it may also involve practices that are legal in many countries.^[2] Government, or ‘political’, corruption occurs when an office-holder or other governmental employee acts in an official capacity for personal gain.

• ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), statement of problem, objectives of the study, research question, significance or the study, research methodology, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlight the theoretical framework on which the study its based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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