KNOWLEDGE AND ATTITUDE OF UNDERGRADUATES STUDENTS TOWARDS HOMOSEXUALITY AND ITS IMPLICATION ON SOCIAL ADJUSTMENT

Abstract

This study was on sociological examination of single parenthood. Five objectives were raised which included; To understand the extent to which students knowledge about homosexuality affects their attitudes and social adjustment, to determine undergraduate students knowledge about homosexuality, to find out how students get involved in the act of homosexuality, to ascertain how easy it is to disengage from the act, to ascertain the relationship between attitude of undergraduate students towards homosexuality and its implication on social adjustment. In line with these objectives, four research hypotheses were formulated and four null hypotheses were posited. The total population for the study is 200 undergraduates’ students from University of Nsuka, Enugu state was selected randomly. The researcher used questionnaires as the instrument for the data collection. Descriptive Survey research design was adopted for this study. A total of 133 respondents made up students from education faculty, students from social science faculty, students from agriculture faculty and students from engineering faculty were used for the study. The data collected were presented in tables and analyzed using simple percentages and frequencies.

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTOPON

• Background of the study

Homosexuality is romantic or sexual intercourse or behavior between members of the same sex (beth 1992:2). As a sexual orientation, homosexuality refers to an enduring pattern of or disposition to experience sexual, affectionate or romantic attractions primarily and exclusively to people of the same sex (Redmond 1999).
The term homosexual is derived from a Greek word “homos” which means same. Thus connoting sexual acts and affections between members of the same sex. Lesbianism is a sexual act between females while Gay generally refers to male homosexuality. The word “Lesbians” is derived from the name of the Greek island “Lesbos”, where the poet Sappho wrote largely about her emotional relation with young women.
Historically, homosexuality has attracted much interest and attention but attitudes towards such preference of having sex with one of the same gender have varied in different epochs and cultural groups ranging from acceptance as among the ancient Greeks, to measured tolerance in the Roman times and outright condemnations. (Greg Reeder 1999). According to the old testament, Leviticus 16:8-22, 20:13) sex between men is an abomination and any involved will be put to death, other parts of the Bible makes it known that homosexuality is a sin and any involved in it faces strong penalty. Such books of the Bible like the book of Romans 1:18-31, Corinthians 6:9 which says that homosexuals are unrighteous and will not inherit the kingdom of God. This however has affected the Judeo-Christian attitude towards homosexuality for centuries.
Also in primitive time, negative attitude is found in different cultures even in Africa, there has been serious condemnation of homosexuality such that anyone involved in act will be put to death.
In the late 19th century ambivalent attitude have prevailed, that is, opposing feelings about homosexuality such that some people fell homosexuality is normal and they tend to fight for their freedom. In some primitive societies homosexual activities are considered normal and socially acceptable. For instance in Arunta of Central Australia, homosexuality is a common practice. Some nations such as Great Britain, United States and West Germany to mention but a few have recently legalized homosexual relations between consenting adults. In the United States, in the 1940s homosexuality was classified as felony with punishment up to life imprisonment in all states. (Frank Beach 1991).
By the early 1970s at least ten states had legalized such acts between consenting adults. One third of the societies studied by ford and Beach include many industrialized countries; give little or no sanction to homosexuals. In recent years in the United States such organizations as the Gay Activities Alliance and the Daughters of Bilitis have attempted to influence public opinion and legislation toward greater tolerance of homosexuals. Their effort and other world associations and conferences such as the 1974 Berkshire conference also the 1973 meeting of the Association of homosexual activists and other various meetings along with Gay advocacy books has created several attitudes among people of the world and attracted attentions. Recently, even in Nigeria, homosexuality is beginning to spread and open up and even though there has been a law against the act, still it is in existence in the country and also in various institution of higher learning in the country. Including Caritas University where there has been cases of homosexual activities amongst students though not too obvious and popular but it exist and there have been various attitudes towards it from other students who do not get involved in the act.
While a lot of research have been carried out in other aspect of students attitude very little or nothing has been done in the area of research on the attitude of students towards homosexuality. It is on this premise that this study seek to unravel the knowledge and general attitude of students towards homosexuality.

 

• STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

With increasing urbanization in Nigeria and relative freedom from parents and guardian enjoyed by students in various institutions of higher learning in Nigeria. There has been a different kind of sexual orientation which includes homosexuality and attitudes towards it. How do people regard to homosexuality and those involved in it is an issue that need to be investigated. While homosexuals face condemnation in some societies. They are accepted in other societies. In Nigeria, it is highly frowned at, because it is believed to have a negative effect on the general behavior and it is strongly against the moral principle of Nigerian society and Caritas University in particular. Though this act of homosexuality exists in closed and private settings in Caritas University, this case is becoming obvious and privately alarming so much so that the moral ethics for which this mission university is known is under serious threat. The act is like underground water destroying the moral base of this noble university. Like wild fire, it is permeating into the minds of all students of Caritas University. On the part of the homosexuals, most often they suffer psycho social trauma, social isolation and are society wide regarded as deviants, they are sometimes regarded and treated as criminals. In future, they may face the danger of childlessness except if they change and get married to opposite sex. This is outright negation of the order instituted by God. It is a violation against the natural use of man and woman.
Furthermore, the attitude of people towards the acts causes those involved in the act unable to socially and psychologically adjust within the society and relate to people and members of the society.
It is on the above premise that this study seeks to unravel the attitude of undergraduate students of Caritas University towards homosexuality and its effects on social adjustment.

• OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The main objective of this study is knowledge and attitude of undergraduate’s students toward homosexuality and its implication on social adjusts.  But for the successful completion of the study; the researcher intends to achieve the following sub-objectives;

1. To understand the extent to which students knowledge about homosexuality affects their attitudes and social adjustment.
2. To determine undergraduate students knowledge about homosexuality.
3. To find out how students get involved in the act of homosexuality
4. To ascertain how easy it is to disengage from the act.
5. To ascertain the relationship between attitude of undergraduate students towards homosexuality and its implication on social adjustment
   • RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;

H₀: undergraduate students have no knowledge about homosexuality

H₁: undergraduate students have knowledge about homosexuality

H₀²: there is no significant relationship between attitude of undergraduate students towards homosexuality and its implication on social adjustment

H₂: there is a significant relationship between attitude of undergraduate students towards homosexuality and its implication on social adjustment

 

• SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is believed that at the completion of the study, the findings will be of benefit to students and general public. The findings of the study will be of immense values to the educators, psychologists and school administrators on the best ways to handle the problem of homosexuality among undergraduate students. Again, the findings of this study will help to intimate the guidance counselors on the social and sexual background of these students and how best to offer a program of intervention for their re-integration into heterosexual world. Thus, both students and counselors will be better informed about the inherent dangers associated with indulging in homosexuality. The study will also be of great benefit to the researchers who intends to embark on research on similar topics as it will serve as a guide. Finally, the study will be of great importance to academia’s, lecturers, teachers, students and the general public.

 

• SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

The scope of the study covers knowledge an attitude of undergraduate students towards homosexuality and its implication on social adjustment. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
3. c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities.

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

KNOWLEDGE: Facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject

ATTITUDE: A settled way of thinking or feeling about something.

UNDERGRADUATE: An undergraduate degree (also called first degree, bachelor’s degree or simply degree) is a colloquial term for an academic degree taken by a person who has completed undergraduate courses. It is usually offered at an institution of higher education, such as a university.

HOMOSEXUALITY: Homosexuality is romantic attraction, sexual attraction or sexual behavior between members of the same sex or gender

IMPLICATION: The conclusion that can be drawn from something although it is not explicitly stated.

SOCIAL: Living organisms including humans are social when they live collectively in interacting populations, whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the interaction is voluntary or involuntary.

 

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study.

 

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