CAUSE AND CONSEQUENCES OF EXAMINATION MALPRACTICE IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS

CHAPETR ONE

INTRODUCTION 

1.1        Background of the study

1.2        Statement of problem

1.3        Objective of the study

1.4        Research Hypotheses

1.5        Significance of the study

1.6        Scope and limitation of the study

1.7       Definition of terms

1.8       Organization of the study

CHAPETR TWO

2.0   LITERATURE REVIEW

CHAPETR THREE

3.0        Research methodology

3.1    sources of data collection

3.3        Population of the study

3.4        Sampling and sampling distribution

3.5        Validation of research instrument

3.6        Method of data analysis

CHAPTER FOUR

DATA PRESENTATION AND ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

4.1 Introductions

4.2 Data analysis

CHAPTER FIVE

5.1 Introduction

5.2 Summary

5.3 Conclusion

5.4 Recommendation

Appendix

 

Abstract

The purpose of this research work is to find out the course and consequences of examination malpractice in secondary school, using some selected Secondary Schools in Oredo Local Government Area as a case study. A total of 200 staff of selected secondary schools were used on this study. The instrument used for collection of data from them as the questionnaire and records of students who have been punished either by expulsion or warning their class. The generated data were analyzed using simple percentages.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

• Background of the study

The well known for being bad occurrence of examination malpractice in Nigeria is similar to sudden start of unpleasant of a social malaise that appears to resist all form of treatment perhaps comparable to disease. There is evidence in the literatures that examination are some of the controversial issues in education today because of their nature, they attract many critics some of these critics think that less emphasis should be placed or laid on examination while others advocated understanding of subject rather than recourse to examination. Also examinations are known to play very important role in our education system. According to Ojerinde in Oyechere (1996), examination is a formal test of somebody knowledge, skills or ability in a particular subject especially by means of oral or written questions or practical exercise. According to Liman, (1996) examination is a means of testing student’s knowledge and competence. To Abmed (1996) examination is any act of wrongdoing or neglect that contravenes the rules and regulations of acceptable practice before, during and after an examination by any after an examination by any reason. In all countries of the world examination, which are in reality and frequently in name also competitions designed to eliminate the majority of candidate and allocate the remainder to certain known vacancies. The most important quality of examination is used to determine pass or fail of students or group students in a school. This is necessary because I the opinion of Ahmed history seem to support the views that setting students against one another in trial and competition has always been repeatable means of inviting them zeal. Students who knows that he might fail an examination which will in turn determines his progress or promotion will strive to pass. Examination is also used academically for assigning grades to student’s secondary schools, we find students being places in division one, two and three or distinction credit and respectively determined through an examination. In the universities also, students are stratified into first, second, (Upper and Lower) or third class degree having gone through an examination. These grades are measure of success and prestige students with a division one pass in school certificate examination will be retained by those around him as academically precious, he is also likely to have a place in institutions of higher learning or in job situation with the society easier than students with a division three pass. All these candidates have combined to influence a student’s attitude to an examination, which always culminates in an urge for success in any particular examination on whether or not he had prepared for it. Examinations are also used for other functions. According to Senekan (1996) examination is irregularities, which are premeditated and perpetuated by the candidates or their agents with the intension of gaining undue advantage in the examination. They are designed as a basis for licensing. An example according to Senekan is the drilling test no one so far wishes to part a limit to the number of drives on the road or to set motorist completing against to knock out all bet a small pre-determined quantities of top-grade performance. The authorities have every desire to ensure that those who handled cars are capable of doing so with at least a minimum of efficiency. All licensing examination is a means of screening undesirable, so as to make life safer for many of our reads. Results are governed not by an absolute standard and if performance but by the level of competence of the competitions and in the last sort. (Civil Servant) by the number of posts to be filled in the Edo State school system, the students have to fall series of the ought in educational circles and hence the need of this work.

1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM   

Examination could be defined as a process of testing knowledge or ability of an individual in question 1 paper, an oral an inquiry into an inspection of something account and of one eye questioning by a lawyer in a law court and of a witness. Onojume (1992) defined examination as all forms of measurement and evaluation tests taken as school arrangement to determine the quality of knowledge or ability possessed by candidates as the attainment or progress towards attainment of desired learning goal. While shorter oxford dictionary defined malpractice as illegal action by which a person seeks benefits while in position of trust, also malpractice is wrong or illegal behaviour while in a profession or job, thus examination malpractice could be defined as a process whereby students cheat in examination hall, in order to gain what they want, they could cheat by writing in piece of paper, writing in palm or any other part of their illegal way of writing examination

1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY

The objectives of the study are;

1. To ascertain the causes of examination malpractice in secondary schools.
2. To find out the agents of examination malpractices.
3. To be acquainted with the consequences of indulging in examination malpractice.
4. To proffer lasting solution to the problem

1.4 RESEARCH HYPOTHESES

For the successful completion of the study, the following research hypotheses were formulated by the researcher;

H₀:  there are no causes of examination malpractice in secondary schools.

H₁: there are causes of examination malpractice in secondary schools.

H₀₂: there are no consequences of indulging in examination malpractice.

H₂: there are consequences of indulging in examination malpractice.

1.5 SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

It is of great importance to note that at the completion of this research work, various secondary schools, communities, towns, state and Nigeria in general will find the result of this research work to be beneficial to a great extent, this research work would play an essential role in the standard of education and in the task of economic growth and development. The result from this research work will also provide an ample opportunity for parents to be aware of what role they must play in order to prevent their children from being engaged in examination malpractice. The significant of this study is to reveal the depth at which examination malpractice or misconduct have eaten deep into the fabric of our secondary schools (most especially in Edo State), to discover the forms, causes, consequences and permanent cure or permanent solution to the problem of causes and consequences of examination misconduct or malpractice. Also students been enlighten will then preserve the norms and value of the society and the ethics of examination.

 1.6 SCOPE AND LIMITATION OF THE STUDY

This study is limited to some teachers and students of secondary schools in Oredo Local Government Area of Edo State, Benin City. And the research is to examine the causes of examination malpractice between male and female students, the role played by teachers and other non-academic staff as typist, messengers. The serious consequences of examination malpractice in the secondary schools will be highlighted while ways of reducing it or totally eliminating it will also be suggested. The researcher encounters some constrain which limited the scope of the study;

1. a) AVAILABILITY OF RESEARCH MATERIAL: The research material available to the researcher is insufficient, thereby limiting the study
2. b) TIME: The time frame allocated to the study does not enhance wider coverage as the researcher has to combine other academic activities and examinations with the study.
3. c) Organizational privacy: Limited Access to the selected auditing firm makes it difficult to get all the necessary and required information concerning the activities

1.7 DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Examination: A formal written, spoken or practical test, especially at school or college, to see how much you know about a subject or what you can do.

Misconduct: Careless, wrong or illegal behaviour while in a professional job.

Consequences: A result of something that happened

Significance: The importance of something, especially when this has an effect on what happens in the future.

Cheat: To trick or deceive somebody, especially when they trust you.

Development: It is the gradual growth to be more advanced.

Essential: To do something that is completely necessary, extremely important in a particular situation or for a particular activity.

Permanent: Lasting for a long time or for all time in the future existing all the time.

Causes: The person or thing that makes something happens.

Ethics: Moral principles that control or influence a person’s behaviour.

Enlighten: To give somebody information so that they understand something better.

Preserve: To keep a particular quality, feature, etc to make sure that something is kept.

1.8 ORGANIZATION OF THE STUDY

This research work is organized in five chapters, for easy understanding, as follows

Chapter one is concern with the introduction, which consist of the (overview, of the study), historical background, statement of problem, objectives of the study, research hypotheses, significance of the study, scope and limitation of the study, definition of terms and historical background of the study. Chapter two highlights the theoretical framework on which the study is based, thus the review of related literature. Chapter three deals on the research design and methodology adopted in the study. Chapter four concentrate on the data collection and analysis and presentation of finding.  Chapter five gives summary, conclusion, and recommendations made of the study

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