AN EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF CAPITAL BUDGETING ON ORGANISATIONAL PPERFORMANCE

CHAPTER ONE
INTRODUCTION
1.1    BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY
Oxford dictionary defines ‘organization’ as “an organized group of people with a particular purpose”  ‘Performance’ is defined to include “the action or process of performing a task or function seen in terms of how successfully it is performed”.  When these definitions are put together, we can say organization performance relates to how successfully an organized group of people with a particular purpose perform a function.  Essentially, this is what we are speaking about when we refer to organizational performance and achievement of successful outcomes. High organizational performance is when all the parts of an organization work together to achieve great results with results being measured in terms of the value we deliver to customers.  These parts are: Strategic objectives – provide the direction in which everyone within the organization should head.  They provide focus and ensure we are all working towards the same end. Organizational structure – this represents the form in which the organization will deliver its services.  The structure must support the strategy just as the strategy must have regard to the structure.  For instance, an online delivery strategy will not be successfully executed unless the organization has on-line capabilities. Business performance measures – represent the measures by which each area of the organization will be assessed.  There is no single set of measures that may be applied across all organizations.  In order to be relevant and of use to the organization, the measures must be determined in light of the organization’s goals and the strategies put in place to achieve those goals.  It is this measurement process that will direct behavior more than any other system that may be put in place.  Further, the information must be easily obtainable – in a timely manner.  This requires the management information systems to be developed to collect the right data in an efficient way. Allocation of resources and processes – relates to the decision-making approach that takes place within the organization.  It is how the organization goes about deciding where to apply its scarce resources – including money, time and effort – in order to achieve its objectives. Values, culture and guiding principles – this part is unique to the organization.  If the organization was human, this would be its DNA.  The culture must support the achievement of the strategic objectives in order to draw out the “best” of people.  The values and guiding principles must support the purpose (remembering from our earlier definition that an organization is an organized group of people with a particular purpose) for the achievement of desired outcomes. Reward structures – must reinforce the culture and direct efforts to support the achievement of strategic objectives.  Reward structures may include various forms – monetary (for example, bonus on achievement of short term goals), promotion (recognition of having acquired certain skills), celebration event (recognizing and congratulating team efforts), leave of absence / day off (recognition and ‘thank you’ for a job well done), and so on. All these parts are inter-related and a change to one will impact one or more of the others. Similarly, one poor-performing part will potentially negatively impact others and lead to less than successful results. So, what is an organisational performance?  It’s getting all of these parts to work in harmony in order to achieve great results. An efficient economic system calls for a dependable mechanism to allocate its resources. Christy (1966) describes that land, labor, and capital are to be directed to their best uses, and should hence be placed in the hands of those who can use them most capably. In a market economy, this allocation process consists largely of a set of private decisions, which are directed by a network of free markets and flexible prices. Important among these decisions are capital investment decisions that according to Northcott (1995) are vital at two levels: for the future operability of the individual firm making the investment, and for the economy of the nation as a whole. At the firm level, capital investment decisions have implications for many aspects of operations, and often exert a crucial impact on survival, profitability, and growth. At the national level, the proper planning and allocation of capital investment are essential to an efficient utilization of other resources, poorly placed investment reduces the productivity of labor and materials and sets a lower ceiling on the economy’s potential output. With this in mind, it is no wonder that capital investment or capital budgeting is a central application of financial theory. the advantages and applications of sophisticated capital budgeting procedures based on cash flows, risk and the time value of money are seen as tools for maximizing shareholders’ wealth, which is the same as maximizing the value of the firm (Copeland & Weston, 1992). This fact is often approximated to the relationship that firms using more sophisticated capital budgeting procedures should be able to perform better over time (Christy, 1966; Klammer, 1973). Empirical studies concerning the adoption of sophisticated capital budgeting procedures have shown that even though the degree of adoption has increased over time, there is an obvious “theory-practice gap” (Klammer, 1972; Schall, Sundem & Geijsbeek, 1978; and Graham & Harvey, 2001). The research, therefore, seeks to evaluate the impact of capital budgeting on organizational performance.
1.2   STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM  
Investment in capital projects constitutes a major financial budget of a firm. Therefore it is pivotal that it impacts positively on the firms’ performance in terms of profitability, market share, growth, and shareholders’ value. However many organization makes the huge capital investment without exacting Positive result on the firms’ operations.This is a result of a lack of proper Appraisal to determine the relative worth of such investment.

Capital budgeting is the process in which a business determines whether projects such as building a new plant or investing in a long-term venture are worth pursuing. Oftentimes, a prospective project’s lifetime cash inflows and outflows are assessed in order to determine whether the returns generated meet a sufficient target
1.3   RESEARCH QUESTION  
1   What is  the nature of capital budgeting
2   What constitutes the nature of organizational performance
3   What  is the impact of  capital budgeting on organizational performance
4   What is the impact of capital budgeting in Ondo state ministry of works
1.3   OBJECTIVE OF THE RESEARCH
1   To determine the nature of capital budgeting
2   To determine the nature of organizational performance
3   To determine the impact of capital budgeting on organizational performance
4   To determine the impact of capital budgeting on the performance of Ondo state ministry of works
1.4   SIGNIFICANCE OF THE RESEARCH  
The research shall provide an analysis of capital budgeting and the techniques applicable in capital budgeting techniques.   It shall serve as a source of information to managers and other professionals.
1.5   STATEMENT OF HYPOTHESES  
Hypothesis 1
Ho   Capital budgeting  is not significant in Ondo state ministry of works
Hi   Capital budgeting  is  significant in Ondo state ministry of works
Hypothesis 2
Ho    Organizational performance in Ondo state ministry of works is low
Hi   Organizational performance in Ondo state ministry of works is  high
Hypothesis 3
Ho:  The impact of capital budgeting on performance in the Ondo state ministry Of works is low.
Hi: The impact of capital budgeting on performance in the Ondo state ministry Of works is high.
1.7   SCOPE OF THE STUDY
The study focuses on the evaluation of the impact of capital budgeting on organizational performance with a case study of the ondo state ministry of works.
1.6   DEFINITION OF TERMS

CAPITAL BUDGETING DEFINED
Capital budgeting is the process in which a business determines whether projects such as building a new plant or investing in a long-term venture are worth pursuing. Oftentimes, a prospective project’s lifetime cash inflows and outflows are assessed in order to determine whether the returns generated meet a sufficient target.

ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE DEFINED
Organization performance relates to how successfully an organized group of people with a particular purpose perform a function.  Essentially, this is what we are speaking about when we refer to organizational performance and achievement of successful outcomes. High organizational performance is when all the parts of an organization work together to achieve great results with results being measured in terms of the value we deliver to customers.
Strategic objectives – provide the direction in which everyone within the organization should head.  They provide focus and ensure we are all working towards the same end.
Organizational structure – this represents the form in which the organization will deliver its services.  The structure must support the strategy just as the strategy must have regard to the structure.  For instance, an online delivery strategy will not be successfully executed unless the organization has on-line capabilities.
Business performance measures – represent the measures by which each area of the organization will be assessed.  There is no single set of measures that may be applied across all organizations.  In order to be relevant and of use to the organization, the measures must be determined in light of the organization’s goals and the strategies put in place to achieve those goals.  It is this measurement process that will direct behavior more than any other system that may be put in place.  Further, the information must be easily obtainable – in a timely manner.  This requires the management information systems to be developed to collect the right data in an efficient way.
Allocation of resources and processes – relates to the decision-making approach that takes place within the organization.  It is how the organization goes about deciding where to apply its scarce resources – including money, time and effort – in order to achieve its objectives.

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