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RECLAMATION MEASURES FOR GULLY EROSION SITES A CASE STUDY OF OBOLLO-ETITI, UDENU LOCAL GOVERNMENT

Amount: ₦5,000.00 |

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1-5 chapters |



Abstract

The incidence of gully erosion in  Obollo-Etiti in Udenu Local Government  Area of Enugu State has assumed alarming proportions thereby gaining local government recongnition as an ecological disaster.

The aim of this study is therefore to determine and analysis the factors responsible for gully development and with preferring solutions. From my observation, the gully erosion for more than three to four years has been responsible for the loss of farmland, damage of roads, thereby rendering them farmless  for varying period of time and loss of livestock which majority of the population depends on for survival.

Congruently, the community have been working on it and even employing indigenous management strategies. However not much progress has been recorded with regard to combating  the manace as both community and government carryout intervention measure almost exclusive of each other, with the information gotten is therefore  recommends among other things that the management strategies of local government  should be harmonized with that of the community with regard for the unique environment and social feature of the study area.

 

 

Table of Contents

Cover page                                              i

Title page                                                ii

Approval page                                                 iii

Dedication                                               iv

Acknowledgement                                     v

Abstract                                                  vii

Table of Contents                                     viii

 

       CHAPTER ONE

  • INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of the study                                    1

1.2  Objectives of the study                              2

1.3  Justification of the study                                   3

 

       CHAPTER TWO

  • LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1  Definition of Gully Erosion                          4

2.2  Classification of gully                                 5

2.3  Causes of gully erosion                              8

2.4  Process of gully formation                          9

2.5  Gully reclamation techniques                      13

 

       CHAPTER THREE 

3.0  METHODOLOGY

3.1  Study Area                                               20

3.2  Topographic Survey                                  20

3.3  Determination of Soil Properties                  21

3.3.1  Grain size distribution                             22

3.3.2 Atterberg limit test (liquid limit determination) 23

3.3.3.  Specific gravity determination                 24

3.3.4 Permeability determination                        26

3.3.5 Direct shear test determination                 27

3.3.6 Dry and bulk densities determination          28

3.4  Hydrological analysis                                 29

3.4.1  Mean annual Rainfall                               29

3.4.2 Intensity duration curve                           29

3.4.3 Run-off determination                              30

3.4.4 Time of Concentration (TC)                       30

3.5  Selection and design of appropriate control

structure                                                 32

3.5.1 Design of Trapezoidal channel                   32

3.5.2 Design of drop structure                           37

3.5.3 Design of discharge outlet structure           37

 

       CHAPTER FOUR 

4.0  RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

4.1  Results                                                    41

4.2  Discussions                                              46

       CHAPTER FIVE

5.0  RECOMMENDATION AND CONCLUSION

5.1  Recommendation                                      48

5.2  Conclusion                                               49

References                                               51

CHAPTER ONE

INTRODUCTION

1.1  Background of the Study

Disaster have been defined  and categorized in diverse by various scholars see for instance, Bates (2002). Hugo (2009), Naik (2009) and Keane (2004). Disaster which may occur from natural or man-made processes often involve large scale alternations of the areas they occurs and suffering of a sizeable number of persons. Human responses to disaster vary according to the nature of the disaster.

Advances in science and technology have aided the human race to stop the events, to predict the events and more out of the ways such disasters or discover ways of recovery after the events had taken place. However, some notable disaster which when they occur, death and loss of property usually result include, gas escapes earthquake, chemical spill oil, oil spills, forest fires, coastal floods  generally etc. landslide, causes of loss property death and population displacement when they occur in densely-settled area of the world s within Nigeria landslides occur as follows ups from deep gully incision (Mozie 2010). The most devastating gully erosion in Nigeria are found in South Easter Nigeria in the populated Enugu, Abia, Imo and Anambra State  and other lesser area is in Auchi in Edo State of Nigeria.

This project discusses the gully erosion control in Udenu Local Government Area of Enugu State, Nigeria.

 

1.2  Objectives of the Study 

  1. To determine the cause of the gully erosion in the Obollo-Etiti, Udenu L.G.A. gully site.
  2. To construct maintain and unrest in the study are unfrustural works like roads, water schemes and gradual transfer of these to benefiting communities to engage in other activities that will increase agricultural production in the soil.
  • To design appropriate soil erosion control structures for gully erosion site.

 

1.3  Justification of the Study  

The justification of this project work is seen in the aftermath of the gully development, which includes the destruction of the profile and the topography of the area, thereby hindering development around it. The downstream sedimentation is causing damage to the vegetation of area and a kind of sediment transfer to discharge outlet (which may cause  pollution) is being seen effected by the overland flow that originates from the watershed. All these problems will be tackled when this work is successfully completed. The justification of this project work is also seen in the earnestness of the control. This is because the cost of reclamation and control is increasing on daily basis due to the continuous deepening of the gully by run off action and detachment by rain drop action.



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RECLAMATION MEASURES FOR GULLY EROSION SITES A CASE STUDY OF OBOLLO-ETITI, UDENU LOCAL GOVERNMENT

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